Cantores líricos e de musicais: dados dermatoglíficos e acústicos

Abstract

Aim: identify the muscular potential (speed, strength, resistance and motor coordination) of lyrical and musical singers, using the dermatoglyphic method (from the elements arch, loop, whorl, D10, SQTL) as well as to associate it with acoustic measurements (Fundamental frequency - f0, intensity, spectral decline and long - term average spectrum - LTAS). Methods: Dermatoglyphic analysis, acoustic vocal and questionnaire responses of four informants (singers 1 and 2 of the lyrical style and singers 3 and 4 of the musical style) males, between 31 and 53 years old. Dermatoglyphic analysis was used to collect fingerprints and analyze: predominance of digital design, D10, SQTL, digital expression and dermatoglyphic profile. For acoustic analysis, it was used an ExpressionEvaluator script applicable to the PRAAT software, for extraction of measures of median f0, intensity asymmetry, spectral decline median and LTAS standard deviation of the audio recordings of phonatory tasks ([a] sustained and piece of music). The questionnaire was composed of questions about training and professional performance, self-evaluation of the singing voice and phenotypic profile. The results of the dermatoglyphic analysis, acoustic vocal and questionnaire data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis, using the Pearson Correlation Test and the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Results: The singers presented time of professional formation and performance of 7 to 20 years; believe that the voice is a result of gift and technique; singers 1, 2 and 3 are baritones and singer 4 is tenor; singers 1 and 3 believe they have more ability in muscular endurance; singers 2 and 4 believe they have more ability in the rate of muscle contraction. Concerning the dermatoglyphic analysis, the singers 1 (lyrical) and 4 (musical), presented the anaerobic profile, characterized by the speed of muscular contraction and the singers 2 (lyrical) and 3 (musical) presented aerobic profile, characterized by resistance and motor coordination . The acoustic data of the lyrical singer samples presented correlation of intensity asymmetry measurements with mean spectral decline and standard deviation of LTAS. The samples of the musical singers presented a correlation median of f0 with the indicators training and professional performance, dermatoglyphic indicators D10 and SQTL and acoustic measure of spectral decline. Conclusion: The muscular potentials of the individual were identified in the lyrical and musical singers, participants of this research. It was not possible to segregate musical styles from dermatoglyphic indicators. The dermatoglyphic profile revealed a correlation with the acoustic measurements, thus denoting the relationship between dermatoglyphic profile and vocal quality in the singing. It is believed that the results found here can provide relevant contributions to several areas of knowledge congregated in the Vocal Sciences