A manipulação discursiva das fake news na era da informação

Abstract

This dissertation has as its theme the study of fake news as a manipulative discourse in the information age. Fake news spread around in the public space referring to distinct media productions and assigning value judgments to different discourse genres. In contemporary society, marked by an informational surplus and by a political crisis, the concept of fake news has been used in many ways to refer to real news articles produced by a media company that an interlocutor disagrees with or to deal with information conveyed with accidental factual errors, aiming at a specific purpose, or, thus, to identify false news created in certain socio-historical and cultural conditions for dubious purposes. This research is underpinned in the latter concept, to develop the concept of fake news as a discursive production of a non-fact, for fake news seduce, influence public opinion, and to manipulate the process of negotiating meaning effects. From this point of view, this dissertation aims to analyze the discursive manipulation put forward by fake news in the political field that disseminated on the web, as well as to verify how they articulate the analytical devices of scenography and discursive ethos, identifying the means and the media through which they propagate. This study is based on the Francophone Discourse Analysis (AD), in the enunciative discursive perspective developed by Maingueneau (1997; 2007; 2008a; 2008b; 2008c; 2010; 2013; 2015; 2018a; 2018b; 2020). Our analysis shows that, on the one hand, fake news, as discourse, generally makes use of news scenography, includes the mediums in which they circulate, enabling the production of truth effects based on disinformation, misinformation, and malinformation; on the other hand, the discursive ethos is embodied through the projection of an image of an enunciator that defines a position and that wants to regulate political life in crisis