A política externa norte-americana para Israel na década de 1960: perspectivas tradicionalistas e alternativas de análise

Abstract

The United States (U.S.) has been the country that has most politically, militarily, and economically supported the State of Israel since its founding in 1948, despite the conflicts in the Middle East stemming from Israel's independence. Although there are ongoing debates regarding the origins and factors driving U.S. foreign policy toward an alliance with Israel, the 1960s are widely regarded in academia as the period of consolidation of this bilateral relationship. In this context, the present study aims to examine U.S. foreign policy toward Israel in the 1960s from various theoretical perspectives, aiming to systematize the diverse understandings of the nature of the U.S.-Israel relationship in the specialized literature on U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and Israel. To this end, the study will first address U.S. relations with Arab countries in the region, resulting military conflicts, the political disputes arising from the Cold War, the state interests of both the U.S. and Israel, and the Palestinian question within the international community between the 1950s and 1960s. The final chapters examine the arguments in the literature about U.S. motivations in consolidating a special relationship with Israel in a comparative manner. Three analytical perspectives present in the literature were systematized: the single-lobby thesis, U.S. strategic interests in the region, and a third view that combines these two perspectives complementarily. A descriptive, case-centric qualitative research approach is proposed, based on a comprehensive bibliographic review of academic literature