Consolidação e convergência operacional bancária no Brasil: estrangeiros e nacionais na segunda metade dos anos 1990

Abstract

This dissertation has the objective of demonstrate that, in the second half of the 1 990s the groups of national and foreign banks, participants of the Brazilian financial system, closed the gap of their operational structures as a result of the consolidation observed in this sector. The considerable increase of the market share of the foreign institutions, principally Europeans, in the Brazilian banking sector and the reaction of the national banks to the foreign advance were preponderant in order to happened this consolidation process. The first chapter analyses the external factors related mainly to the competitive issues that determined the consolidation and the expansion of the European financial institutions to emergent countries. Besides that, the purposes that led the European bank's to cross frontiers and the reasons that determined that the American bank's consolidation to take place mostly inside its own boundaries are discussed in this same chapter. The second chapter analyses the internal factors that attracted and facilitated the entry of these foreign institutions in the national financial system, including the fragility of some small and mid size Brazilian banks and the sector's opening to the external capital. In response to the gain in market share of the foreign banks in Brazil, this dissertation shows the reaction of the national big banks to this offensive, through the acquisition of small and mid size banks that became potential targets at that period, keeping so the leadership in the sector. Finally, the third chapter relates he competitive behavior of national and foreign banks, and the growing presence of the latter at more diverse and wide market segments, to the structural changes observed in their financial reports, as confirmed by some indexes like the deposits, foreign loans and credits to the total assets