Sob o signo de Erlebnis (vivência): as consequências da decadência da experiência no sujeito contemporâneo

Abstract

From the early twentieth century, Walter Benjamin foresaw the evidence of the decay of experience in contemporary times. His accurate analyzes deal with the rupture in the process of the transmission of experience through narration and its impacts on the constitution of the subject in history and its consequences on the unconscious subject. The aim of this paper is to bring the current Benjaminian thought, starting from the concept of experience (Erfahrung) and its counterpoint, the isolated experience (Erlebnis), to develop a reflection on the constitution of the subject in the 21st century. The main argument of this study is developed based on the understanding that hypercapitalism lays the groundwork for psychic impoverishment. To unveil this dynamic, I seek to establish the necessary relationships between the main elements that make up this structure, among them, the process of development of capitalism, contemporary culture and its impacts on the psychic apparatus. To this end, the necessary subjects are developed to deepen the theme of this work, among them, the concept of experience (Erfahrung), the decay of narration and the panorama of the impoverishment of experience in the twentieth century, as well as the conception of history of Walter Benjamin and the theme of memory from recollection (Eingedenken) as a narrative source in the constitution of the historical subject. The issue of the crisis of experience from the distinct views of Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben and French philosopher Georges Didi-Huberman is also deepened, and the scope of psychic impoverishment based on Walter Benjamin's concept of phantasmagoria is discussed, so as to contextualizing and delineating its structure in the context of hypercapitalism