Subdesenvolvimento e dependência: a construção e revisão da teoria do subdesenvolvimento de Celso Furtado à luz do debate com a teoria da dependência

Abstract

This research has the objective to show the elements that constitute the Underdevelopment Theory of Celso Furtado, and also to indicate how it was revised after the debate realized with the Theory of Dependence and the political and economical facts of midlle 1960´s on. In order to achieve this objective, the research starts with the analysis of the first main writings of Celso Furtado, with the objective to highlight his structural evaluation on the Brazilian economy, the critics made to some authors of the economic theory when regarding the study of development. Besides that, the study indicates the main critics realized by the Theory of Dependece to Furtado. Among them, there are the sociological critic from Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto; the idea from Ruy Mauro Marini, which indicates that the dependence must be studied on the context of international relations between economies and how the Latin American economies inserted themselves on this scenario after Industrial Revolution. And the contribution of Theotônio dos Santos, that differentiates dependence and underdevelopment, with the argument that the Theory of Dependence aims to comprehend the restrictions of a development based on the hegemony of the groups and imperialist forces. This research also indicates how Celso Furtado revised his Theory after the debate of the Theory of Dependence and according to the change of regime in the country and to the idea that industrialization was being conducted by a State that acted on a political regime always criticized by this author. Facts that have made Furtado revise his speech, and even identifying the development as a Myth